They are native to arctic, subarctic, boreal, and tundra regions in North America, Europe, and Siberia.Because reindeer are so wide-spread around the globe, they vary greatly in size and coloring from one geographical area to the next.Both sexes of reindeer can grow antlers, but the antlers on the males are typically larger.
![]() Reindeer are important to the lifestyle and economy of several arctic and subarctic cultures because the animal is used for transportation, meat, milk, and leather. In captivity, they should be given a large, pasture-like enclosure so they can graze. They are well-suited to colder climates but cannot tolerate extreme heats. If they are kept in an area where temperatures climb, the animals should be moved to an air-conditioned interior pen or stall. They require less food than cows and other types of livestock. In the wild, they survive on lichen, twigs, grass, leaves, and mushrooms. Reindeer Enrichment Because reindeer are nomadic animals, they need plenty of space in which to walk. In the wild, the typical reindeer walks about eight miles per day. One of the biggest problems that plague these animals in captivity is confinement with no opportunity to walk and graze. They do better when kept in large enclosures and can rotate between multiple enclosures. Breeding Reindeer Reindeer have a hierarchy of male dominance and the males will fight each other to move up the ranks. The higher ranking males earn the right to mate with a group of females. The animals will mate from September to November and the babies are born in late May through June. They are cared for by the mother and, after a few weeks, are big enough to join the herd.
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